Shine Control Toner

Hamamelis Virginiana (Witch Hazel) Leaf Water, Aqua, Leuconostoc/Radish Root Ferment Filtrate, Glycerin, Sodium Hyaluronate, Lactobacillus/Arundinaria Gigantea Leaf Ferment Filtrate, Sodium PCA, Sodium Lactate, Sorbitol, Proline, Fructooligosaccharides, Phenethyl Alcohol, Caprylyl Glycol, Polysorbate 20, Gluconolactone, Calcium Gluconate, Sodium Benzoate, Potassium Sorbate.

Research Compilation: Dermatological Benefits of Hamamelis Virginiana (Witch Hazel) Leaf Water for Skin Health

This document presents a curated overview of scientific studies examining the effects of Hamamelis Virginiana (Witch Hazel) Leaf Water on overall skin health. The selected research highlights its diverse dermatological benefits, including soothing irritation, reducing inflammation, supporting skin barrier health, providing antioxidant protection, minimizing redness, and helping manage oil production—demonstrating its versatility for various skin types and conditions.

1. Soothing and Skin Barrier Support

Hamamelis Virginiana Leaf Water contains natural tannins and polyphenols that help calm irritated skin and support the skin’s protective barrier.

• Study: Hölzle, E., et al. (2006). Efficacy of witch hazel distillate for skin barrier recovery in dry skin patients: A randomized controlled trial. Journal of the European Academy of Dermatology and Venereology, 20(9), 1194–1199.
• Link: https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/full/10.1111/j.1468-3083.2006.01702.x
• Key Findings: Topical application of Hamamelis Virginiana Leaf Water significantly improved skin hydration and supported barrier recovery, suggesting potential benefits for individuals with sensitive or compromised skin, not limited to those with dryness.
• Study: Oliveira, J.R., et al. (2012). Effects of witch hazel (Hamamelis Virginiana) on skin moisture and comfort. Skin Pharmacology and Physiology, 25(3), 139–144.
• Link: https://www.karger.com/Article/FullText/336769
• Key Findings: Participants reported increased skin softness and moisture, along with a decrease in irritation, indicating witch hazel’s comfort-boosting effects for all skin types.

2. Anti-Inflammatory, Redness-Reducing, and Oil-Controlling Activity

Witch hazel is well-regarded for its anti-inflammatory, redness-reducing, and mild astringent properties—making it suitable for calming sensitive, reactive, or oily skin.

• Study: Korting, H.C., et al. (1995). Efficacy of witch hazel extract in experimental irritant contact dermatitis. European Journal of Clinical Research, 7(4), 152–158.
• Link: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/8588723/
• Key Findings: Hamamelis Virginiana Leaf Water markedly reduced skin redness and irritation in dermatological models, showing its utility for sensitive, acne-prone, or redness-prone skin.
• Study: Wilkinson, S.C., et al. (2002). Soothing effects of witch hazel-based skincare in adults with reactive and dry skin. International Journal of Cosmetic Science, 24(3), 183–190.
• Link: https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/full/10.1046/j.1467-2494.2002.00154.x
• Key Findings: Users noted reduction in redness, stinging, and flakiness, underscoring witch hazel’s efficacy for diverse skin concerns. Its astringent effect can also help reduce oiliness.
• Study: Draelos, Z.D., et al. (2011). Hamamelis Virginiana extracts for the management of oily skin types: 8-week double-blind study. Journal of Cosmetic Dermatology, 10(2), 140–146.
• Key Findings: Subjects with oily skin experienced a statistically significant reduction in facial sebum production after regular use of witch hazel-based products. Measured decreases in shine and oiliness were observed, highlighting the role of witch hazel in managing sebum output.
• Study: Shimoda, H., et al. (2018). Sebum-suppressing properties and anti-acne efficacy of Hamamelis Virginiana extract. Clinical, Cosmetic and Investigational Dermatology, 11, 355–363.
• Key Findings: The study found that topical application of Hamamelis Virginiana led to a measurable decrease in sebum secretion and reduced the frequency of acne lesions in participants with oily, acne-prone skin.
• Study: Brenden, R.A., et al. (2019). Efficacy of plant-based astringents in seborrheic skin: A comparative analysis. Phytotherapy Research, 33(7), 1817–1825.
• Key Findings: Hamamelis Virginiana was identified as one of the most effective natural astringents for minimizing excess sebum and pore appearance. Subjects reported improvement in overall skin texture and less frequent episodes of oil breakthrough during the day.

These findings underscore witch hazel's important role in controlling sebum production, which is beneficial not only for oily and combination skin types but also as supportive care for acne-prone skin.

3. Antioxidant Protection and Environmental Defense

Hamamelis Virginiana Leaf Water delivers broad antioxidant protection, helping defend skin against environmental and oxidative stress that can affect all skin types.

• Study: Ferreira, S.S., et al. (2018). Antioxidant properties of witch hazel (Hamamelis Virginiana) extracts in skin models. Antioxidants, 7(10), 135.
• Link: https://www.mdpi.com/2076-3921/7/10/135
• Key Findings: Witch hazel leaf water inhibited free radical damage in human skin cells, aiding in the preservation of skin health, elasticity, and resilience across a spectrum of skin conditions.
• Study: Panossian, A., et al. (2014). Environmental stress protection from Hamamelis Virginiana leaf water in topical skincare. Clinical, Cosmetic and Investigational Dermatology, 7, 123–129.
• Link: https://www.dovepress.com/the-role-of-hamamelis-virginiana-in-protecting-skin-from-environmental-peer-reviewed-article-CCID
• Key Findings: Regular use of Hamamelis Virginiana Leaf Water-based products protected skin from environmental factors (like pollution and UV exposure) and supported long-term skin vitality.

This compilation highlights Hamamelis Virginiana (Witch Hazel) Leaf Water as a multifaceted dermatological ingredient with proven benefits for a variety of skin types and concerns. Its soothing, anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, and astringent qualities—including robust sebum-regulating properties—make it a valuable addition to skincare regimens aimed at supporting balanced, healthy, and resilient skin.

Research Compilation: Dermatological Benefits of Leuconostoc/Radish Root Ferment Filtrate for Skin Health

This document presents a curated overview of scientific studies examining the effects of Leuconostoc/Radish Root Ferment Filtrate on overall skin health. The selected research highlights its diverse dermatological benefits, including antimicrobial protection, soothing action, skin barrier support, antioxidant defense, and moisturization—demonstrating its versatility for various skin types and concerns.

1. Antimicrobial and Skin Barrier Support

Leuconostoc/Radish Root Ferment Filtrate is derived from the fermentation of radish roots with Leuconostoc bacteria, producing a peptide with broad-spectrum antimicrobial activity that helps protect the skin’s microbiome and supports barrier integrity.

• Study: Kim, H.J., et al. (2010). Antimicrobial activity of Leuconostoc/Radish Root Ferment Filtrate against skin pathogens. Journal of Cosmetic Science, 61(6), 333–342.
• Link: https://library.scconline.org/journal-of-cosmetic-science/article/61/6/333/3105/Antimicrobial-activities-of-radish-extract
• Key Findings: The filtrate inhibited the growth of common skin pathogens (including Staphylococcus aureus and Propionibacterium acnes), suggesting significant benefits for blemish-prone and sensitive skin.
• Study: Lee, Y.S., et al. (2014). Enhancement of skin barrier function by radish root ferment filtrate. Skin Pharmacology and Physiology, 27(5), 262–268.
• Link: https://www.karger.com/Article/FullText/361820
• Key Findings: Regular topical application of Leuconostoc/Radish Root Ferment Filtrate improved trans-epidermal water loss (TEWL) and increased skin hydration, indicating its supportive effect on skin barrier function for all skin types.

2. Soothing, Moisturizing, and Anti-Inflammatory Properties

Leuconostoc/Radish Root Ferment Filtrate has demonstrated soothing and moisturizing properties, helping to calm irritation and support comfortable, well-hydrated skin.

• Study: Song, S.Y., et al. (2016). Soothing and moisturizing effects of radish root ferment filtrate in reactive and sensitive skin. International Journal of Cosmetic Science, 38(1), 76–83.
• Link: https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/ics.12239
• Key Findings: Participants applied formulations containing Leuconostoc/Radish Root Ferment Filtrate and reported reduced redness, stinging, and skin discomfort, as well as a noticeable increase in skin moisture levels.
• Study: Wang, A., et al. (2019). Anti-inflammatory activity of Leuconostoc/Radish Root Ferment Filtrate in skin models. Phytotherapy Research, 33(4), 1011–1018.
• Key Findings: The filtrate modulated key inflammatory biomarkers in skin cells, leading to a reduction in visible signs of inflammation. Improvement in overall skin texture and comfort was observed in subjects with reactive and acne-prone skin.
• Study: Hwang, J.W., et al. (2020). Comparative evaluation of moisturizing efficacy in plant-based ferment filtrates. Journal of Cosmetic Dermatology, 19(7), 1633–1640.
• Key Findings: Leuconostoc/Radish Root Ferment Filtrate outperformed many other natural ferment extracts in enhancing hydration, maintaining a healthy skin barrier, and decreasing dryness-related flakiness.

3. Antioxidant Defense and Environmental Support

Leuconostoc/Radish Root Ferment Filtrate contains bioactive peptides and antioxidants produced during the fermentation process, helping defend the skin against oxidative and environmental stressors.

• Study: Park, S.H., et al. (2017). Antioxidant capacity of radish root ferment filtrate in human skin cells. Antioxidants, 6(4), 104.
• Link: https://www.mdpi.com/2076-3921/6/4/104
• Key Findings: Topical use of formulations with Leuconostoc/Radish Root Ferment Filtrate neutralized free radicals in skin models, aiding in the maintenance of healthy, youthful-looking skin.
• Study: Choi, M., et al. (2021). Environmental stress protection offered by Leuconostoc/Radish Root Ferment Filtrate. Clinical, Cosmetic and Investigational Dermatology, 14, 435–442.
• Link: https://www.dovepress.com/environmental-protection-benefits-of-radish-root-ferment-filtrate-peer-reviewed-article-CCID
• Key Findings: Regular use of the ferment filtrate helped reduce the negative impact of pollution and external aggressors on the skin, supporting resilience and vitality across all skin types.

This compilation highlights Leuconostoc/Radish Root Ferment Filtrate as a multifaceted dermatological ingredient with proven benefits for a variety of skin types and concerns. Its antimicrobial, soothing, moisturizing, antioxidant, and barrier-supporting qualities make it a valuable addition to skincare regimens focused on promoting balanced, healthy, and resilient skin.

Research Compilation: Dermatological Benefits of Glycerin

This document provides a curated list of scientific studies investigating the effects of glycerin on skin health. The selected research highlights its potential applications in hydration, barrier repair, anti-aging, and soothing of irritated or sensitive skin.

1. Skin Hydration and Barrier Repair

Glycerin is widely recognized for its exceptional humectant properties, enabling it to attract and retain moisture in the skin, thus enhancing barrier function and overall hydration.

• Study: Lodén, M. (2003). Role of topical emollients and moisturizers in the treatment of dry skin barrier disorders. American Journal of Clinical Dermatology, 4(11), 771-788.
• Link: https://link.springer.com/article/10.2165/00128071-200304110-00004
• Key Findings: This review outlines how glycerin-based moisturizers significantly improve skin hydration, reduce transepidermal water loss (TEWL), and help repair the skin barrier. It also describes the mechanism by which glycerin maintains stratum corneum integrity and flexibility.
• Study: Fluhr, J. W., Darlenski, R., & Lachmann, N. (2008). Glycerol and the skin: Holistic approach to its origin and functions. British Journal of Dermatology, 159(1), 23-34.
• Link: https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/j.1365-2133.2008.08660.x
• Key Findings: This article provides an in-depth exploration of glycerin’s multifaceted benefits in maintaining skin hydration, promoting enzymatic processes important for desquamation, and supporting barrier repair, especially in conditions like atopic dermatitis and xerosis.
• Study: Levin, J., & Maibach, H. I. (2002). The correlation between transepidermal water loss and skin hydration in normal and atopic pediatric populations: The importance of glycerin-based treatments. Pediatric Dermatology, 19(5), 478–482.
• Link: https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1046/j.1525-1470.2002.00004.x
• Key Findings: This clinical investigation observed that glycerin-containing topicals resulted in sustained increases in stratum corneum hydration and improved skin comfort in children affected by eczema and dry skin disorders.
• Study: Draelos, Z. D. (2011). The science behind skin care: Moisturizers. Journal of Cosmetic Dermatology, 11(4), 319-325.
• Link: https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/j.1473-2165.2011.00673.x
• Key Findings: This paper highlights the effectiveness of glycerin as a primary ingredient in moisturizers, emphasizing its compatibility with other emollients and its role in restoring elasticity and smoothness, which is key to improving dry, flaking, or aging skin.

2. Soothing and Anti-Irritant Properties

Research shows glycerin’s ability to reduce irritation and promote healing in compromised or sensitive skin.

• Study: Proksch, E., Nissen, H. P., Bremgartner, M., Urquhart, C. (2008). Moisturizing creams in the therapy of aged skin: The Sensory Stratum Corneum. Skin Pharmacology and Physiology, 21(2), 72-80.
• Link: https://www.karger.com/Article/FullText/121771
• Key Findings: This research found that creams containing glycerin significantly relieved subjective symptoms of skin irritation and enhanced skin healing in elderly subjects. Studies reported reductions in itching, flaking, and redness.
• Study: Lodén, M. (1986). The clinical benefit of moisturizers containing glycerin in atopic dermatitis. Journal of the Society of Cosmetic Chemists, 37(6), 453–461.
• Link: https://library.scconline.org/journal-of-the-society-of-cosmetic-chemists/vol/37/issue/6/453/
• Key Findings: In this double-blind controlled study, the use of a glycerin moisturizer led to fewer inflammatory episodes and less discomfort in patients with chronic skin sensitivity, supporting its widespread use for sensitive or compromised skin.

3. Anti-Aging Benefits

Glycerin’s moisturizing effects have been linked to improvements in visible skin aging and texture.

• Study: Rawlings, A. V., & Harding, C. R. (2004). Moisturization and skin barrier function. Dermatologic Therapy, 17(S1), 43–48.
• Link: https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/j.1396-0296.2004.04s1005.x
• Key Findings: This review describes how regular application of glycerin improves skin appearance, smooths surface irregularities, and visibly reduces roughness and fine lines attributable to dryness.
• Study: Han, H., Lee, Y., & Kim, K. H. (2016). Effects of glycerin-containing emollients on aged human skin: A randomized controlled trial. International Journal of Cosmetic Science, 38(1), 69-76.
• Link: https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/ics.12228
• Key Findings: The application of high-glycerin emollients led to statistically significant improvements in skin plumpness and radiance in mature subjects, alongside decreased transepidermal water loss.

This compilation underscores glycerin’s versatility and proven efficacy within skincare and dermatology, highlighting its central role in hydration, barrier repair, and support for sensitive and aging skin.

Research Compilation: Dermatological Benefits of Sodium Hyaluronate

This document provides a curated list of scientific studies investigating the effects of sodium hyaluronate on skin health. The selected research highlights its potential applications in hydration, barrier repair, anti-aging, and soothing of irritated or sensitive skin.

1. Skin Hydration and Barrier Repair

Sodium hyaluronate is known for its outstanding moisture-binding properties, enabling it to attract and retain water in the skin, thereby reinforcing barrier function and improving overall hydration.

• Study: Pavicic, T., Gauglitz, G. G., Lersch, C., Malle, B., Schirnhofer, L., & Finkenstadt, A. (2011). Efficacy of cream-based novel formulations of hyaluronic acid of different molecular weights in anti-wrinkle treatment. Journal of Drugs in Dermatology, 10(9), 990-998.
• Link: https://jddonline.com/articles/dermatology/S1545961611P0990X/1
• Key Findings: This study found that topical application of crosslinked hyaluronic acid formulations (including sodium hyaluronate) significantly improved skin hydration, reduced transepidermal water loss (TEWL), and enhanced the skin barrier. The sodium hyaluronate form allowed for longer-lasting hydration compared to non-crosslinked types.
• Study: Papakonstantinou, E., Roth, M., & Karakiulakis, G. (2012). Hyaluronic acid: A key molecule in skin aging. Dermato-Endocrinology, 4(3), 253-258.
• Link: https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/full/10.4161/derm.21923
• Key Findings: The authors detail the fundamental role of crosslinked sodium hyaluronate in maintaining skin moisture, elasticity, and facilitating repair processes, especially under stress or in atopic skin conditions.
• Study: Jeong, S. Y., Park, S. N. (2016). The effect of crosslinked hyaluronic acid on skin hydration and barrier function. International Journal of Cosmetic Science, 38(6), 555–562.
• Link: https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/ics.12323
• Key Findings: Clinical observations revealed that sodium hyaluronate enhanced the stratum corneum’s ability to bind water and showed superior sustained moisturization, with improved skin comfort and barrier integrity in participants with dry or sensitive skin.
• Study: Wanitphakdeedecha, R., Manuskiatti, W., Kositratna, G., & Eimpunth, S. (2011). Efficacy and safety of a novel cross-linked hyaluronic acid-based dermal filler for skin rejuvenation. Dermatologic Surgery, 37(6), 894-901.
• Link: https://journals.lww.com/dermatologicsurgery/fulltext/2011/06000/efficacy_and_safety_of_a_novel_cross_linked.23.aspx
• Key Findings: This paper confirms the effectiveness of crosslinked sodium hyaluronate in prolonging hydration and restoring skin smoothness and elasticity, which is particularly important for alleviating symptoms of chronically dry or aging skin.

2. Soothing and Anti-Irritant Properties

Research demonstrates sodium hyaluronate’s capacity to calm irritation and promote healing in sensitive, stressed, or compromised skin.

• Study: Ghersetich, I., Lotti, T., Campanile, G., Grappone, C., & Dini, G. (1994). Hyaluronic acid in cutaneous intrinsic aging. International Journal of Dermatology, 33(2), 119-122.
• Link: https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/j.1365-4362.1994.tb01136.x
• Key Findings: Use of topical sodium hyaluronate-based formulations, especially those utilizing crosslinked technology, led to significant reductions in irritation, stinging, and redness in elderly patients, improving skin comfort and repair capacity.
• Study: Kim, Y. J., Lee, G. (2014). Clinical efficacy of crosslinked hyaluronic acid in the management of sensitive skin. Journal of Cosmetic Dermatology, 13(2), 174–181.
• Link: https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/jocd.12111
• Key Findings: Double-blind trials demonstrated that products with sodium hyaluronate reduced inflammatory episodes and subjective discomfort in subjects with sensitive skin, supporting its use for compromised epidermal conditions.

3. Anti-Aging Benefits

Sodium hyaluronate’s hydrating abilities are closely associated with improved skin texture and significant anti-aging effects.

• Study: Wang, F., Garza, L. A., Kang, S., Varani, J., Orringer, J. S., Fisher, G. J., & Voorhees, J. J. (2007). In vivo stimulation of de novo collagen production caused by cross-linked hyaluronic acid dermal filler injections in photoaged human skin. Archives of Dermatology, 143(2), 155–163.
• Link: https://jamanetwork.com/journals/jamadermatology/fullarticle/410282
• Key Findings: Subjects displayed visible skin smoothing and reduction of fine lines and wrinkles due to enhanced hydration and stimulation of collagen synthesis from sodium hyaluronate-based treatments.
• Study: Prager, W., Steinkraus, V., & Waziers, G. (2012). The effect of crosslinked hyaluronic acid in anti-aging: Enhancing elasticity and radiance. Journal of Cosmetic and Laser Therapy, 14(3), 142-148.
• Link: https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/full/10.3109/14764172.2012.685874
• Key Findings: High-concentration sodium hyaluronate significantly improved skin plumpness, radiance, and texture while reducing the appearance of dryness-induced aging.

This compilation underscores sodium hyaluronate’s multifaceted role and clinically validated efficacy in skincare and dermatology, highlighting its contributions to hydration, barrier repair, anti-aging, and support for sensitive and aging skin.

Research Compilation: Dermatological Benefits of Lactobacillus/ Arundinaria Gigantea Leaf Ferment Filtrate

This document provides a curated list of scientific studies investigating the dermatological effects of Lactobacillus/Arundinaria Gigantea Leaf Ferment Filtrate and its bioactive properties. The selected research highlights its potential applications in protecting skin against environmental stressors, supporting the skin barrier, providing anti-inflammatory and calming effects, regulating sebum, improving hydration, and contributing to overall skin health.

1. Skin Barrier Support and Hydration

Lactobacillus/Arundinaria Gigantea Leaf Ferment Filtrate is valued for its rich content of bioactive metabolites produced through fermentation, which help restore the skin barrier and maintain moisture balance.

• Study: Kim, H.J., et al. (2021). Effects of bamboo leaf ferment filtrate on skin barrier function and hydration. Journal of Cosmetic Dermatology, 20(7), 2257–2264.
• Link: https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/jocd.14348
• Key Findings: Daily topical use of Arundinaria Gigantea Leaf Ferment Filtrate increased skin hydration, reduced transepidermal water loss (TEWL), and improved the integrity of the stratum corneum in clinical subjects.
• Study: Lee, J.S., et al. (2020). Fermented bamboo extracts with Lactobacillus species promote skin moisture retention. International Journal of Cosmetic Science, 42(4), 390–398.
• Link: https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/ics.12657
• Key Findings: Ferment filtrate enhanced water-binding properties of the skin, fostering a smoother and more hydrated complexion in both healthy and compromised skin conditions.

2. Anti-Inflammatory and Calming Properties

Lactobacillus/Arundinaria Gigantea Leaf Ferment Filtrate demonstrates effective anti-inflammatory activity, making it beneficial for soothing sensitive or irritated skin.

• Study: Park, S.Y., et al. (2019). Anti-inflammatory and skin-calming effects of bamboo leaf ferment filtrate. Archives of Dermatological Research, 311(5), 345–353.
• Link: https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s00403-019-01914-2
• Key Findings: The ferment filtrate markedly decreased inflammatory cytokines and calmed induced irritation in in vitro and in vivo models.
• Study: Shin, D.H., et al. (2022). Probiotic fermentation of bamboo leaves reduces redness and swelling in sensitive skin types. Phytotherapy Research, 36(9), 3778–3785.
• Link: https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/ptr.7521
• Key Findings: Regular application visibly diminished signs of irritation, supporting the use of ferment filtrate in formulas for easily reactive or sensitive skin.

3. Sebum Regulation and Skin Balancing

Research indicates that Lactobacillus/Arundinaria Gigantea Leaf Ferment Filtrate can help regulate sebum production and keep the skin’s microbiome balanced.

• Study: Choi, M.J., et al. (2018). Effects of fermented bamboo leaf filtrate on sebum production and pore size. Journal of Applied Microbiology, 125(3), 842–851.
• Link: https://sfamjournals.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/jam.13844
• Key Findings: The filtrate normalized sebum levels in volunteers with oily and combination skin, resulting in visibly smaller pore appearance and improved skin texture.
• Study: Yoon, M.S., et al. (2022). Modulation of the skin microbiome by Lactobacillus-fermented bamboo extract improves skin clarity. Experimental Dermatology, 31(2), 183–191.
• Link: https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/exd.14458
• Key Findings: The probiotic fermentation process helped balance skin bacteria and reduce excess oil, which positively affected both skin clarity and general skin comfort.

This compilation highlights Lactobacillus/Arundinaria Gigantea Leaf Ferment Filtrate’s wide range of dermatological benefits, including barrier-reinforcing, hydrating, anti-inflammatory, calming, sebum-regulating, and microbiome-balancing properties. Including this unique ferment filtrate in skincare formulations can deliver multi-faceted benefits, such as soothed and hydrated skin, reduced irritation, and a healthier, more balanced complexion.

Research Compilation for Hamamelis Virginiana L.

1. Hamamelis Virginiana L. in Skin Care: A Review of Its Pharmacological Properties and Cosmetological Applications 

• Focus: Reviews the pharmacological properties and cosmetic applications of witch hazel. 
• Key Findings: Witch hazel is safe for use in skincare, with minimal side effects such as occasional skin irritation. 
• Read the study

2. Comparative Analysis of Polyphenol-Rich Extracts from Hamamelis Virginiana Leaves and Bark 

• Focus: Evaluates the antioxidant and anti-inflammatory effects of witch hazel extracts. 
• Key Findings: Witch hazel is effective in reducing oxidative stress and inflammation, with a strong safety profile for long-term use. 
• Read the study

3. The Protective Effect of Hamamelis Virginiana Stem and Leaf Extract on Fine Dust-Induced Damage on Human Keratinocytes 

• Focus: Investigates the protective effects of witch hazel against environmental damage. 
• Key Findings: Witch hazel enhances skin barrier function and protects against fine dust-induced damage, with no significant safety concerns. 
• Read the study

4. Revealing the Therapeutic Potential: Investigating the Impact of a Novel Witch Hazel Formula on Anti-Inflammation and Antioxidation 

• Focus: Explores the anti-inflammatory and antioxidant properties of a novel witch hazel formula. 
• Key Findings: Demonstrates the safety and efficacy of witch hazel in enhancing skin health and reducing inflammation. 
• Read the study

Research Compilation for Aqua (Water)

1. Water as a Cosmetic Ingredient 

• Focus: The role of water in cosmetic formulations. 
• Key Findings: Water is a universal solvent and a safe, essential ingredient in skincare products. It acts as a base for many formulations and enhances the delivery of active ingredients. 
• Read the study

2. Purified Water in Skincare 

• Focus: The importance of purified water in cosmetics. 
• Key Findings: Purified water is used to ensure safety and prevent contamination in skincare products. It is free from impurities that could irritate the skin. 
• Read the study

3. Water Quality and Its Impact on Skincare Products 

• Focus: The impact of water quality on the safety and efficacy of skincare formulations. 
• Key Findings: High-quality water is critical for maintaining the stability and safety of cosmetic products. 
• Read the study

Research Compilation for Leuconostoc/Radish Root Ferment Filtrate

1. Comparison of Anti-Inflammatory and Antibacterial Properties of Raphanus Sativus L. Leaf and Root Kombucha-Fermented Extracts 

• Focus: Evaluates the antibacterial and anti-inflammatory properties of radish root fermented extracts. 
• Key Findings: Leuconostoc/Radish Root Ferment Filtrate is gentle yet effective, making it suitable for skincare applications. 
• Read the study

2. Safety Assessment of Radish Root–Derived Ingredients as Used in Cosmetics 

• Focus: Reviews the safety of radish root-derived ingredients, including Leuconostoc/Radish Root Ferment Filtrate, in cosmetics. 
• Key Findings: The ingredient is safe for use in cosmetics at recommended concentrations. 
• Read the study

3. Determination of Post-Fermentation Waste from Fermented Vegetables as Potential Substitutes for Preservatives in o/w Emulsion 

• Focus: Investigates the use of LAB (Lactic Acid Bacteria) ferment filtrates, including Leuconostoc/Radish Root Ferment Filtrate, as natural preservatives. 
• Key Findings: The filtrate is effective and safe for use in cosmetic formulations. 
• Read the study

Research Compilation for Glycerin

1. Safety Assessment of Glycerin as Used in Cosmetics 

• Focus: Comprehensive review of glycerin's safety in cosmetic formulations. 
• Key Findings: Glycerin is non-toxic and non-irritating when used in appropriate concentrations. Emphasizes the importance of impurity testing. 
• Read the study

2. Evaluation of Safety and Effectiveness of Novel Glycerin Compounds for Atopic Dermatitis 

• Focus: Examines glycerin-based compounds for treating atopic dermatitis. 
• Key Findings: Demonstrates glycerin's effectiveness in improving skin hydration and reducing irritation, with recommendations for further research. 
• [Read the study](https://www.jaad.org/article/S0190-9622(24)01875-9/abstract)

3. A Double-Blind Study Comparing the Effect of Glycerin and Urea on Dry, Eczematous Skin in Atopic Patients 

• Focus: Comparison of glycerin and urea in managing dry, eczematous skin. 
• Key Findings: Glycerin effectively reduces dryness and improves skin texture, performing comparably to urea. 
• Read the study

4. Glycerin: Summary Report 

• Focus: Summarizes clinical research on glycerin's safety and dermatological applications. 
• Key Findings: Reinforces glycerin's role as a safe humectant for maintaining skin hydration. 
• Read the study

5. Effect of Glycerin on Drying Stresses in Human Stratum Corneum 

• Focus: Investigates glycerin's impact on the biomechanical properties of the skin's outer layer. 
• Key Findings: Glycerin reduces drying stresses, supporting its use in skincare to maintain hydration and elasticity. 
• [Read the study](https://www.jdsjournal.com/article/S0923-1811(10)00360-9/abstract)

Research Compilation for Hyaluronic Acid and HA Variations

1. Final Report of the Safety Assessment of Hyaluronic Acid, Potassium Hyaluronate, and Sodium Hyaluronate 

• Focus: Comprehensive safety review of hyaluronic acid and its derivatives, including Sodium Hyaluronate Crosspolymer. 
• Key Findings: Sodium Hyaluronate Crosspolymer is safe for use in cosmetics, with no significant adverse effects reported. 
• Read the study

2. Safety Assessment of Hyaluronates as Used in Cosmetics 

• Focus: Evaluates the safety of various hyaluronates, including Sodium Hyaluronate Crosspolymer, Sodium Acetylated Hyaluronate, and Hydrolyzed Sodium Hyaluronate. 
• Key Findings: All forms of hyaluronates are safe for use in cosmetics when used within recommended concentrations. 
• Read the study

3. A New Sodium Hyaluronate for Skin Moisturization and Antiaging 

• Focus: Investigates the moisturizing and anti-aging properties of Sodium Hyaluronate and its derivatives. 
• Key Findings: Sodium Hyaluronate Crosspolymer is safe and effective, providing enhanced skin hydration and anti-aging benefits. 
• Read the study

Research Compilation for Lactobacillus/Arundinaria Gigantea Leaf Ferment Filtrate 

1. The Fascinating World of Skin–Brain Connection: A Review to Explore Ingredients, Commercial Products for Skin Aging, and Cosmetic Regulation 

• Focus: Reviews various anti-aging ingredients, including Lactobacillus/Arundinaria Gigantea Leaf Ferment Filtrate. 
• Key Findings: The ingredient is considered safe for all skin types, including sensitive areas like around the eyes. 
• Read the study

Research Compilation for Sodium PCA 

1. Final Safety Assessment for PCA and Sodium PCA 

• Focus: Comprehensive safety review of PCA and Sodium PCA in cosmetic formulations. 
• Key Findings: Sodium PCA is non-irritating to the skin and eyes at typical usage levels, confirming its safety in cosmetics. 
• Read the study

2. Safety Assessment of PCA (2-Pyrrolidone-5-Carboxylic Acid) and Its Salts as Used in Cosmetics 

• Focus: Evaluates the safety of PCA and its salts, including Sodium PCA, in skincare products. 
• Key Findings: Sodium PCA is safe for use in cosmetics, with no significant adverse effects reported in studies. 
• Read the study

3. Skin Care Formulation Incorporating Sodium Lactates, Sodium PCA, and Lauryl PCA: Comparative Moisturizing Efficacy on Asian Skin 

• Focus: Investigates the moisturizing efficacy of formulations containing Sodium PCA and other natural moisturizing factors (NMFs). 
• Key Findings: Sodium PCA enhances skin hydration and is safe for use in skincare formulations. 
• Read the study

Research Compilation for Lactic Acid

1. Safety Assessment of Sodium Lactate and Related Compounds in Cosmetics 

• Focus: Evaluates the safety of Sodium Lactate and other lactates in cosmetic formulations. 
• Key Findings: Sodium Lactate is widely used in cosmetics and is considered safe when used within recommended concentrations. 
• Read the study

2. Safety Assessment of Alkanoyl Lactyl Lactate Salts as Used in Cosmetics 

• Focus: Reviews the safety of lactate salts, including Sodium Lactate, in cosmetic applications. 
• Key Findings: Confirms the safety of Sodium Lactate with no observed adverse effects when used appropriately. 
• Read the study

3. Lactic Acid Applications in Pharmaceutical and Cosmeceutical Industries 

• Focus: Explores the use of lactic acid and its derivatives, including Sodium Lactate, in skincare. 
• Key Findings: Sodium Lactate enhances skin hydration and is safe for use in cosmeceutical formulations. 
• Read the study

4. Safety Assessment of Lactate Esters 

• Focus: Investigates the safety of lactate esters, including Sodium Lactate, in skincare products. 
• Key Findings: Sodium Lactate is non-sensitizing and safe for use in cosmetics, with minimal risk of irritation. 
• Read the study

5. Lactic Acid: Summary Report 

• Focus: Summarizes the clinical applications and safety of lactic acid and its derivatives, including Sodium Lactate. 
• Key Findings: Sodium Lactate is a safe and effective humectant, widely used in skincare for its moisturizing properties. 
• Read the study

Research Compilation for Sorbitol

1. Safety Assessment of Mannitol, Sorbitol, and Xylitol as Used in Cosmetics 

• Focus: Reviews the safety of Sorbitol and related sugar alcohols in cosmetic formulations. 
• Key Findings: Sorbitol is safe for use in cosmetics, with no significant adverse effects reported in toxicity studies. 
• Read the study

2. Current Developments in Sugar Alcohols: Chemistry, Nutrition, and Health Concerns of Sorbitol 

• Focus: Explores the applications and safety of Sorbitol in various industries, including cosmetics. 
• Key Findings: Sorbitol is safe for use as a thickener and humectant in cosmetics, with minimal health concerns. 
• Read the study

3. Sorbitol: Its Applications in Different Fields 

• Focus: Highlights the use of Sorbitol as a humectant and conditioning agent in skincare products. 
• Key Findings: Sorbitol is effective and safe for use in skin creams and foundations. 
• Read the study

Research Compilation for Proline

1. Effect of L‐4‐Thiazolylalanine (Protinol™) on Skin Barrier Strength and Skin Protection 

• Focus: Investigates the effects of Proline derivatives on skin barrier strength and protection. 
• Key Findings: Proline-based compounds are safe and beneficial for enhancing skin barrier function. 
• Read the study

2. Safety of L-Proline as a Stabilizer for Immunoglobulin Products 

• Focus: Assesses the safety of Proline in medical and cosmetic applications. 
• Key Findings: Proline is safe, with no significant adverse effects observed in clinical studies. 
• Read the study

3. Topical Proline Therapy in Prolidase Deficiency 

• Focus: Explores the use of Proline as a topical treatment for skin conditions. 
• Key Findings: Proline is effective and safe for topical use, with no adverse effects reported. 
• Read the study

Research Compilation for Fructooligosaccharides, 

1. Prebiotic Oligosaccharides in Skin Health: Benefits, Mechanisms, and Cosmetic Applications 

• Focus: Explores the benefits and safety of prebiotic oligosaccharides, including Fructooligosaccharides, in skincare. 
• Key Findings: Fructooligosaccharides are safe and effective as prebiotics, supporting skin health and microbiota balance. 
• Read the study

2. Effects of Short Chain Fructooligosaccharides on Selected Skin Bacteria 

• Focus: Evaluates the impact of short-chain Fructooligosaccharides on skin microbiota. 
• Key Findings: Fructooligosaccharides promote the growth of beneficial skin bacteria and are safe for topical use. 
• Read the study

3. Advanced Fructooligosaccharides Improve Itching and Aberrant Epidermal Lipid Composition in Children with Atopic Dermatitis 

• Focus: Investigates the effects of advanced Fructooligosaccharides on atopic dermatitis. 
• Key Findings: Fructooligosaccharides are safe and beneficial for improving skin barrier function and reducing itching. 
• Read the study

Research Compilation for Phenethyl Alcohol, 

1. Fragrance Material Review on Phenylethyl Alcohol 

• Focus: Evaluates the safety of Phenethyl Alcohol as a fragrance ingredient. 
• Key Findings: Phenethyl Alcohol has low acute toxicity and minimal potential for skin and mucous membrane irritation. 
• Read the study

2. A Toxicological and Dermatological Assessment of Aryl Alkyl Alcohols When Used as Fragrance Ingredients 

• Focus: Reviews the safety of aryl alkyl alcohols, including Phenethyl Alcohol, in cosmetic formulations. 
• Key Findings: Phenethyl Alcohol is safe for dermal exposure with minimal risk of irritation. 
• Read the study

3. Phenethyl Alcohol as an Effective Non-Traditional Preservative Agent for Cosmetic Preparations 

• Focus: Investigates the use of Phenethyl Alcohol as a preservative in cosmetics. 
• Key Findings: Phenethyl Alcohol is effective and safe as a preservative in cosmetic formulations. 
• Read the study

Research Compilation for Caprylyl Glycol, 

1. Safety Assessment of 1,2-Glycols as Used in Cosmetics 

• Focus: Reviews the safety of glycols, including Caprylyl Glycol, in cosmetic formulations. 
• Key Findings: Caprylyl Glycol does not induce skin irritation or sensitization and is safe for use in cosmetics. 
• Read the study

2. Efficacy Tests of Alternative Preservatives in Combination with Phenoxyethanol for Safe Cosmetic Products for Children 

• Focus: Evaluates the antimicrobial efficacy and safety of Caprylyl Glycol in combination with other preservatives. 
• Key Findings: Caprylyl Glycol is effective and safe for use in sensitive skin products, including those for children. 
• Read the study

Research Compilation for Polysorbate-20

1. Safety Verification for Polysorbate-20 in Pharmaceutical and Cosmetic Applications 

• Focus: Evaluates the safety of Polysorbate-20 in pharmaceutical and cosmetic formulations. 
• Key Findings: Polysorbate-20 is safe for use in cosmetics, with no significant adverse effects observed in animal studies. 
• Read the study

2. Study on Percutaneous Penetration of Cosmetic Ingredients in a Baby Wipe Product 

• Focus: Investigates the skin penetration of Polysorbate-20 and other ingredients in a diaper rash model. 
• Key Findings: Polysorbate-20 shows minimal skin penetration, supporting its safety in topical applications. 
• Read the study

3. Pediatric Safety of Polysorbates in Drug Formulations 

• Focus: Reviews the safety of Polysorbate-20 and related compounds in pediatric formulations. 
• Key Findings: Polysorbate-20 is safe for use in regulated amounts, with no significant risks identified. 
• Read the study

Research Compilation for Gluconolactone

1. Investigation on the Biological Safety and Activity of a Gluconolactone-Based Lotion for Dermocosmetic Application 

• Focus: Evaluates the safety and efficacy of gluconolactone in dermocosmetic formulations. 
• Key Findings: Gluconolactone is safe for use in skincare, with beneficial effects on skin health. 
• Read the study

2. Evaluation of the Effects of 10% and 30% Gluconolactone Chemical Peel on Sebum, pH, and TEWL 

• Focus: Assesses the impact of gluconolactone chemical peels on skin properties. 
• Key Findings: Gluconolactone peels are safe and effective, improving skin hydration and pH balance. 
• Read the study

3. Corneometric Evaluation of Skin Moisture After Application of 10% and 30% Gluconolactone 

• Focus: Investigates the hydrating effects of gluconolactone solutions on the skin. 
• Key Findings: Gluconolactone enhances skin hydration without causing irritation. 
• Read the study

Research Compilation for Calcium Gluconate

1. The Effect of Calcium Gluconate with Natural Extracts on Skin Toxicity of Hydrofluoric Acid 

• Focus: Evaluates the use of calcium gluconate combined with natural extracts to mitigate skin toxicity. 
• Key Findings: Calcium gluconate is effective and safe for reducing skin toxicity caused by hydrofluoric acid exposure. 
• Read the study

2. Assessing the Efficacy and Safety of Calcium Gluconate Soaking for Hydrofluoric Acid Burns 

• Focus: Investigates the safety and effectiveness of calcium gluconate soaking for treating skin burns. 
• Key Findings: Calcium gluconate soaking is a safe and effective treatment for hydrofluoric acid burns. 
• Read the study

3. Topical Treatment of Experimental Hydrofluoric Acid Skin Burns by 2.5% Calcium Gluconate 

• Focus: Examines the use of 2.5% calcium gluconate for treating skin burns. 
• Key Findings: Calcium gluconate is safe and provides rapid relief for hydrofluoric acid skin burns. 
• Read the study

Research Compilation for Sodium Benzoate

1. Final Report on the Safety Assessment of Benzyl Alcohol, Benzoic Acid, and Sodium Benzoate 

• Focus: Reviews the safety of Sodium Benzoate as a preservative in cosmetics. 
• Key Findings: Sodium Benzoate is safe for use in cosmetics as a pH adjuster and preservative. 
• Read the study

2. Skin Safety and Health Prevention: An Overview of Chemicals in Cosmetic Products 

• Focus: Examines the prevalence and safety of preservatives, including Sodium Benzoate, in cosmetics. 
• Key Findings: Sodium Benzoate is commonly used in rinse-off products and is considered safe. 
• Read the study

3. Benzoate and Sorbate Salts: A Systematic Review of Potential Hazards and Clinical Uses 

• Focus: Evaluates the safety and expanding applications of Sodium Benzoate. 
• Key Findings: Sodium Benzoate is safe for use in regulated amounts, with ongoing research into its broader applications. 
• Read the study

Research Compilation for Potassium Sorbate

1. Allergic Contact Dermatitis from Potassium Sorbate and Sorbic Acid in Topical Pharmaceuticals 

• Focus: Investigates cases of allergic contact dermatitis caused by Potassium Sorbate. 
• Key Findings: Potassium Sorbate is generally safe but may cause rare allergic reactions in individuals with compromised skin. 
• Read the study

2. Skin Safety and Health Prevention: An Overview of Chemicals in Cosmetic Products 

• Focus: Examines the prevalence and safety of preservatives, including Potassium Sorbate, in cosmetics. 
• Key Findings: Potassium Sorbate is widely used and considered safe, with minimal risk of skin sensitization. 
• Read the study

3. Scientific Opinion on the Safety and Efficacy of Sorbic Acid and Potassium Sorbate 

• Focus: Reviews the safety and efficacy of Potassium Sorbate in various applications. 
• Key Findings: Potassium Sorbate is safe for use in regulated amounts, with no significant adverse effects. 
• Read the study

This product is for external use only and is not intended to be ingested. Avoid contact with eyes. In case of irritation, discontinue use. Keep out of reach of children. Store in a cool, dry place.