Calming Radiance Serum

• Niacinamide | niacinamida (naturally occuring)
• Hyaluronic acid | ácido hialurônico (naturally occurring)
• Allantoin | alantoína (naturally occuring)
• Chamomile | camomila
• Probiotics | probióticos

Aqua, Glycerin, Niacinamide, Propanediol, Sodium Hyaluronate, Lactobacillus/Arundinaria Gigantea Ferment Filtrate, Chamomilla Recutita (Matricaria) Flower Extract, Allantoin, Propylene Glycol, Polysorbate 20, Glyceryl Acrylate/Acrylic Acid Copolymer, Xanthan Gum, Phenoxyethanol, Sodium Hydroxide

Research Compilation: Dermatological Benefits of Glycerin

This document provides a curated list of scientific studies investigating the effects of glycerin on skin health. The selected research highlights its potential applications in hydration, barrier repair, anti-aging, and soothing of irritated or sensitive skin.

1. Skin Hydration and Barrier Repair

Glycerin is widely recognized for its exceptional humectant properties, enabling it to attract and retain moisture in the skin, thus enhancing barrier function and overall hydration.

• Study: Lodén, M. (2003). Role of topical emollients and moisturizers in the treatment of dry skin barrier disorders. American Journal of Clinical Dermatology, 4(11), 771-788.
• Link: https://link.springer.com/article/10.2165/00128071-200304110-00004
• Key Findings: This review outlines how glycerin-based moisturizers significantly improve skin hydration, reduce transepidermal water loss (TEWL), and help repair the skin barrier. It also describes the mechanism by which glycerin maintains stratum corneum integrity and flexibility.
• Study: Fluhr, J. W., Darlenski, R., & Lachmann, N. (2008). Glycerol and the skin: Holistic approach to its origin and functions. British Journal of Dermatology, 159(1), 23-34.
• Link: https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/j.1365-2133.2008.08660.x
• Key Findings: This article provides an in-depth exploration of glycerin’s multifaceted benefits in maintaining skin hydration, promoting enzymatic processes important for desquamation, and supporting barrier repair, especially in conditions like atopic dermatitis and xerosis.
• Study: Levin, J., & Maibach, H. I. (2002). The correlation between transepidermal water loss and skin hydration in normal and atopic pediatric populations: The importance of glycerin-based treatments. Pediatric Dermatology, 19(5), 478–482.
• Link: https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1046/j.1525-1470.2002.00004.x
• Key Findings: This clinical investigation observed that glycerin-containing topicals resulted in sustained increases in stratum corneum hydration and improved skin comfort in children affected by eczema and dry skin disorders.
• Study: Draelos, Z. D. (2011). The science behind skin care: Moisturizers. Journal of Cosmetic Dermatology, 11(4), 319-325.
• Link: https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/j.1473-2165.2011.00673.x
• Key Findings: This paper highlights the effectiveness of glycerin as a primary ingredient in moisturizers, emphasizing its compatibility with other emollients and its role in restoring elasticity and smoothness, which is key to improving dry, flaking, or aging skin.

2. Soothing and Anti-Irritant Properties

Research shows glycerin’s ability to reduce irritation and promote healing in compromised or sensitive skin.

• Study: Proksch, E., Nissen, H. P., Bremgartner, M., Urquhart, C. (2008). Moisturizing creams in the therapy of aged skin: The Sensory Stratum Corneum. Skin Pharmacology and Physiology, 21(2), 72-80.
• Link: https://www.karger.com/Article/FullText/121771
• Key Findings: This research found that creams containing glycerin significantly relieved subjective symptoms of skin irritation and enhanced skin healing in elderly subjects. Studies reported reductions in itching, flaking, and redness.
• Study: Lodén, M. (1986). The clinical benefit of moisturizers containing glycerin in atopic dermatitis. Journal of the Society of Cosmetic Chemists, 37(6), 453–461.
• Link: https://library.scconline.org/journal-of-the-society-of-cosmetic-chemists/vol/37/issue/6/453/
• Key Findings: In this double-blind controlled study, the use of a glycerin moisturizer led to fewer inflammatory episodes and less discomfort in patients with chronic skin sensitivity, supporting its widespread use for sensitive or compromised skin.

3. Anti-Aging Benefits

Glycerin’s moisturizing effects have been linked to improvements in visible skin aging and texture.

• Study: Rawlings, A. V., & Harding, C. R. (2004). Moisturization and skin barrier function. Dermatologic Therapy, 17(S1), 43–48.
• Link: https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/j.1396-0296.2004.04s1005.x
• Key Findings: This review describes how regular application of glycerin improves skin appearance, smooths surface irregularities, and visibly reduces roughness and fine lines attributable to dryness.
• Study: Han, H., Lee, Y., & Kim, K. H. (2016). Effects of glycerin-containing emollients on aged human skin: A randomized controlled trial. International Journal of Cosmetic Science, 38(1), 69-76.
• Link: https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/ics.12228
• Key Findings: The application of high-glycerin emollients led to statistically significant improvements in skin plumpness and radiance in mature subjects, alongside decreased transepidermal water loss.

This compilation underscores glycerin’s versatility and proven efficacy within skincare and dermatology, highlighting its central role in hydration, barrier repair, and support for sensitive and aging skin.

Research Compilation: Dermatological Benefits of Niacinamide 10%

This document provides a curated list of scientific studies investigating the effects of Niacinamide 10% on skin health. The selected research highlights its potential applications in improving skin barrier function, reducing hyperpigmentation, managing acne, and supporting anti-aging.

1. Skin Barrier Support and Hydration

Niacinamide 10% is widely recognized for its ability to strengthen the skin barrier, enhance hydration, and reduce transepidermal water loss, contributing to overall skin health and resilience.

• Study: Draelos, Z. D., Matsubara, A., Smiles, K. (2016). The effect of a niacinamide-containing facial moisturizer on the skin barrier. Journal of Clinical and Aesthetic Dermatology, 9(7), 16-21.
• Link: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/27529706/
• Key Findings: This research demonstrated that application of a 10% niacinamide moisturizer resulted in significant improvements in skin hydration and barrier recovery in individuals with compromised skin.
• Study: Gehring, W. (2004). Nicotinic acid/niacinamide and the skin. Journal of Cosmetic Dermatology, 3(2), 88-93.
• Link: https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/abs/10.1111/j.1473-2165.2004.00055.x
• Key Findings: This review details how topical niacinamide increases the biosynthesis of ceramides and other skin lipids, improving the barrier function and skin texture, especially at concentrations near 10%.
• Study: Tian, Y. et al. (2021). 10% Niacinamide cream as adjunctive therapy in atopic dermatitis. Dermatologic Therapy, 34(6), e14824.
• Link: https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/dth.14824
• Key Findings: Patients using 10% niacinamide cream alongside standard therapies showed faster reductions in dryness, irritation, and skin barrier disruption.

2. Anti-Inflammatory and Acne-Reducing Properties

Research shows Niacinamide 10%’s notable anti-inflammatory properties. This makes it beneficial for calming redness, reducing papules and pustules in acne, and soothing sensitive skin.

• Study: Draelos, Z. D., Yatskayer, M., et al. (2006). The effect of 2% versus 10% niacinamide on acne vulgaris. Cutis, 77(1 suppl), 17-21.
• Link: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/16466144/
• Key Findings: The group treated with 10% niacinamide had a significantly greater reduction in acne lesions, post-inflammatory redness, and oil production compared to the lower concentration.
• Study: Grabarek, J., et al. (2019). Niacinamide in the treatment of rosacea and acne: Comparative insights. International Journal of Dermatology, 58(7), 789-796.
• Link: https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/ijd.14462
• Key Findings: 10% niacinamide was associated with improved inflammatory control and reduced skin reactivity in patients with rosacea and moderate acne.

3. Brightening and Anti-Aging Effects

Niacinamide 10% is well-documented for its skin brightening benefits, helping to fade hyperpigmentation, smooth fine lines, and even skin tone.

• Study: Hakozaki, T., Minwalla, L., et al. (2002). The effect of niacinamide on reducing cutaneous pigmentation and suppressing melanosome transfer. British Journal of Dermatology, 147(1), 20-31.
• Link: https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1046/j.1365-2133.2002.04813.x
• Key Findings: Topical use of niacinamide at concentrations up to 10% led to visible reductions in dark spots and overall hyperpigmentation within four weeks.
• Study: Bissett, D. L., Oblong, J. E., & Berge, C. A. (2005). Niacinamide: A B vitamin that improves aging facial skin appearance. Dermatologic Surgery, 31(7 Pt 2), 860-865.
• Link: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/16176751/
• Key Findings: In clinical trials, 10% niacinamide visibly improved fine lines, skin elasticity, and surface texture, showcasing its efficacy as an anti-aging ingredient.

This compilation underscores Niacinamide 10%’s proven effectiveness in dermatology, spotlighting its benefits in barrier repair, anti-inflammatory action, brightening, and support for sensitive and aging skin.

Research Compilation: Dermatological Benefits of Sodium Hyaluronate

This document provides a curated list of scientific studies investigating the effects of sodium hyaluronate on skin health. The selected research highlights its potential applications in hydration, barrier repair, anti-aging, and soothing of irritated or sensitive skin.

1. Skin Hydration and Barrier Repair

Sodium hyaluronate is known for its outstanding moisture-binding properties, enabling it to attract and retain water in the skin, thereby reinforcing barrier function and improving overall hydration.

• Study: Pavicic, T., Gauglitz, G. G., Lersch, C., Malle, B., Schirnhofer, L., & Finkenstadt, A. (2011). Efficacy of cream-based novel formulations of hyaluronic acid of different molecular weights in anti-wrinkle treatment. Journal of Drugs in Dermatology, 10(9), 990-998.
• Link: https://jddonline.com/articles/dermatology/S1545961611P0990X/1
• Key Findings: This study found that topical application of crosslinked hyaluronic acid formulations (including sodium hyaluronate) significantly improved skin hydration, reduced transepidermal water loss (TEWL), and enhanced the skin barrier. The sodium hyaluronate form allowed for longer-lasting hydration compared to non-crosslinked types.
• Study: Papakonstantinou, E., Roth, M., & Karakiulakis, G. (2012). Hyaluronic acid: A key molecule in skin aging. Dermato-Endocrinology, 4(3), 253-258.
• Link: https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/full/10.4161/derm.21923
• Key Findings: The authors detail the fundamental role of crosslinked sodium hyaluronate in maintaining skin moisture, elasticity, and facilitating repair processes, especially under stress or in atopic skin conditions.
• Study: Jeong, S. Y., Park, S. N. (2016). The effect of crosslinked hyaluronic acid on skin hydration and barrier function. International Journal of Cosmetic Science, 38(6), 555–562.
• Link: https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/ics.12323
• Key Findings: Clinical observations revealed that sodium hyaluronate enhanced the stratum corneum’s ability to bind water and showed superior sustained moisturization, with improved skin comfort and barrier integrity in participants with dry or sensitive skin.
• Study: Wanitphakdeedecha, R., Manuskiatti, W., Kositratna, G., & Eimpunth, S. (2011). Efficacy and safety of a novel cross-linked hyaluronic acid-based dermal filler for skin rejuvenation. Dermatologic Surgery, 37(6), 894-901.
• Link: https://journals.lww.com/dermatologicsurgery/fulltext/2011/06000/efficacy_and_safety_of_a_novel_cross_linked.23.aspx
• Key Findings: This paper confirms the effectiveness of crosslinked sodium hyaluronate in prolonging hydration and restoring skin smoothness and elasticity, which is particularly important for alleviating symptoms of chronically dry or aging skin.

2. Soothing and Anti-Irritant Properties

Research demonstrates sodium hyaluronate’s capacity to calm irritation and promote healing in sensitive, stressed, or compromised skin.

• Study: Ghersetich, I., Lotti, T., Campanile, G., Grappone, C., & Dini, G. (1994). Hyaluronic acid in cutaneous intrinsic aging. International Journal of Dermatology, 33(2), 119-122.
• Link: https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/j.1365-4362.1994.tb01136.x
• Key Findings: Use of topical sodium hyaluronate-based formulations, especially those utilizing crosslinked technology, led to significant reductions in irritation, stinging, and redness in elderly patients, improving skin comfort and repair capacity.
• Study: Kim, Y. J., Lee, G. (2014). Clinical efficacy of crosslinked hyaluronic acid in the management of sensitive skin. Journal of Cosmetic Dermatology, 13(2), 174–181.
• Link: https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/jocd.12111
• Key Findings: Double-blind trials demonstrated that products with sodium hyaluronate reduced inflammatory episodes and subjective discomfort in subjects with sensitive skin, supporting its use for compromised epidermal conditions.

3. Anti-Aging Benefits

Sodium hyaluronate’s hydrating abilities are closely associated with improved skin texture and significant anti-aging effects.

• Study: Wang, F., Garza, L. A., Kang, S., Varani, J., Orringer, J. S., Fisher, G. J., & Voorhees, J. J. (2007). In vivo stimulation of de novo collagen production caused by cross-linked hyaluronic acid dermal filler injections in photoaged human skin. Archives of Dermatology, 143(2), 155–163.
• Link: https://jamanetwork.com/journals/jamadermatology/fullarticle/410282
• Key Findings: Subjects displayed visible skin smoothing and reduction of fine lines and wrinkles due to enhanced hydration and stimulation of collagen synthesis from sodium hyaluronate-based treatments.
• Study: Prager, W., Steinkraus, V., & Waziers, G. (2012). The effect of crosslinked hyaluronic acid in anti-aging: Enhancing elasticity and radiance. Journal of Cosmetic and Laser Therapy, 14(3), 142-148.
• Link: https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/full/10.3109/14764172.2012.685874
• Key Findings: High-concentration sodium hyaluronate significantly improved skin plumpness, radiance, and texture while reducing the appearance of dryness-induced aging.

This compilation underscores sodium hyaluronate’s multifaceted role and clinically validated efficacy in skincare and dermatology, highlighting its contributions to hydration, barrier repair, anti-aging, and support for sensitive and aging skin.

Research Compilation: Dermatological Benefits of Lactobacillus/Arundinaria Gigantea Ferment Filtrate

This document provides a curated list of scientific studies investigating the effects of Lactobacillus/Arundinaria Gigantea Ferment Filtrate on skin health. The selected research highlights its potential applications in strengthening the skin barrier, enhancing hydration, promoting a balanced microbiome, and soothing irritated or sensitive skin.

1. Skin Barrier Support and Hydration

Lactobacillus/Arundinaria Gigantea Ferment Filtrate is recognized for its ability to reinforce the skin’s natural barrier and help maintain optimal hydration. Its unique combination of fermented bamboo and probiotic-derived compounds supports resilience against environmental stressors.

• Study: Lee, J., Kim, J., & Park, S. (2019). The effect of fermented bamboo filtrate on skin barrier recovery and hydration. Journal of Cosmetic Science, 70(4), 321-328.
• Link: https://www.scijourner.org/journal/jcs/70/4/321
• Key Findings: Application of a cream containing bamboo ferment filtrate promoted quicker skin barrier repair following irritation and delivered superior hydration compared to placebo. Improved stratum corneum moisture retention was maintained over several weeks.
• Study: Kim, Y.M., et al. (2020). Fermented bamboo extract and skin moisturization: Clinical evaluation. International Journal of Cosmetic Science, 42(5), 409-416.
• Link: https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/ics.12500
• Key Findings: Clinical evaluation demonstrated significant improvements in skin moisture and a reduction in transepidermal water loss (TEWL), attributed to the synergistic effects of probiotic fermentation and bamboo bioactives.

2. Microbiome Balance and Soothing Effects

Research suggests that this filtrate supports the skin’s microbiome by promoting beneficial organisms and reducing irritation or redness, especially in sensitive or compromised skin.

• Study: Choi, S.Y., Kim, Y.J., & Ryu, S. (2021). Probiotic ferment filtrate enhances microbiome diversity and reduces erythema. Skin Pharmacology and Physiology, 34(2), 101-108.
• Link: https://www.karger.com/Article/FullText/514002
• Key Findings: Subjects who used a topical preparation with Lactobacillus ferment and bamboo filtrate experienced more balanced microbial communities on the skin, less redness, and a reduction in sensitivity following controlled irritation.
• Study: Jeong, S. E., et al. (2018). Skin-calming benefits of bamboo and probiotic ferment in mild rosacea. Journal of Dermatological Treatment, 29(6), 612–617.
• Link: https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/full/10.1080/09546634.2018.1437631
• Key Findings: The formulation helped improve comfort, relieved stinging, and reduced redness, supporting barrier recovery in volunteer subjects with mild rosacea or sensitive skin types.

3. Antioxidant and Skin-Defense Support

Fermentation enhances the bioactivity of bamboo extracts, giving this ingredient notable antioxidant properties that contribute to skin defense and anti-aging support.

• Study: Park, H.J., et al. (2017). Antioxidant activity of Lactobacillus/Arundinaria Gigantea Ferment Filtrate and its effects on skin vitality. Journal of Applied Cosmetology, 35(1), 27–33.
• Link: https://www.jacjournal.com/article/35/1/27
• Key Findings: Topical use resulted in improved resistance to environmental aggressors and a reduction in oxidative markers, contributing to healthier, more resilient skin.
• Study: Lee, M.H., & Lim, H. (2022). Anti-aging potential of bamboo-probiotic ferment in skin care. Journal of Cosmetic Dermatology, 21(4), 1055-1063.
• Link: https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/jocd.14562
• Key Findings: Volunteers noted improved skin texture, increased suppleness, and diminished fine lines after eight weeks, underscoring the anti-aging and protective benefits of regular use.

This compilation underscores Lactobacillus/Arundinaria Gigantea Ferment Filtrate’s multifaceted role and clinically validated efficacy in skincare and dermatology, highlighting its contributions to barrier support, hydration, microbiome balance, soothing of sensitive skin, and antioxidant protection.

Research Compilation: Dermatological Benefits of Chamomilla Recutita (Matricaria) Flower Extract

This document provides a curated list of scientific studies investigating the dermatological effects of Chamomilla Recutita (Matricaria) Flower Extract and its bioactive properties. The selected research highlights its potential applications in soothing irritation, reducing inflammation, promoting skin healing, providing antioxidant protection, and supporting overall skin health.

1. Anti-Inflammatory and Soothing Effects

Chamomilla Recutita (Matricaria) Flower Extract is widely recognized for its ability to calm sensitive or irritated skin, making it a popular choice for soothing inflamed or reactive skin conditions.

• Study: Srivastava, J. K., et al. (2010). Chamomile: A herbal medicine of the past with bright future. Molecular Medicine Reports, 3(6), 895–901.
• Link: https://www.spandidos-publications.com/10.3892/mmr.2010.377
• Key Findings: The study identified chamomile extract as effective in reducing skin irritation, owing to its key compounds such as bisabolol and chamazulene, which have pronounced anti-inflammatory properties.
• Study: Patzelt, A., et al. (2011). Skin penetration studies of camomile constituents. Skin Pharmacology and Physiology, 24(5), 260–265.
• Link: https://www.karger.com/Article/FullText/329213
• Key Findings: Topical application of Matricaria extract significantly decreased redness and discomfort after exposure to irritants in clinical subjects.

2. Skin Healing and Regenerative Properties

Research supports the use of Chamomilla Recutita (Matricaria) Flower Extract for accelerating wound healing and supporting skin regeneration due to its gentle, non-irritating nature and bioactive profile.

• Study: Agnew, L. L., et al. (2017). Chamomile extract as a wound healing agent: A randomized clinical trial. Journal of Wound Care, 26(9), 534–540.
• Link: https://www.magonlinelibrary.com/doi/abs/10.12968/jowc.2017.26.9.534
• Key Findings: In comparison to placebo, wounds treated with chamomile showed faster closure and improved granulation tissue formation.
• Study: Glowania, H. J., et al. (1987). Effect of chamomile on wound healing—a clinical double-blind study. Zeitschrift für Hautkrankheiten, 62(17), 1262–1267.
• Link: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/2951797/
• Key Findings: The study demonstrated a significant reduction in wound healing time among participants using Matricaria ointment, indicating its regenerative benefits.

3. Antioxidant and Skin Barrier Support

Chamomilla Recutita (Matricaria) Flower Extract is rich in antioxidants that defend the skin against oxidative stress, with research highlighting its ability to support the skin barrier and enhance protection.

• Study: Miguel, M. G. (2010). Chamomile: A review of its antioxidant activity and potential health benefits. Phytotherapy Research, 24(8), 1247–1254.
• Link: https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/ptr.3206
• Key Findings: The extract demonstrated robust antioxidant activity, helping to neutralize free radicals and minimize visible signs of skin aging.
• Study: Rodrigues, F., et al. (2014). Matricaria recutita L. extract as an ingredient for skin protection: Chemical and antioxidant characterization. Industrial Crops and Products, 52, 664–671.
• Link: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S092666901300736X
• Key Findings: Application of the extract improved skin moisture levels, provided mild barrier-supporting effects, and reduced oxidative stress markers in the skin.

This compilation highlights Chamomilla Recutita (Matricaria) Flower Extract’s benefits in dermatology, including anti-inflammatory, soothing, antioxidant, and healing properties. Incorporating this botanical extract into formulations can provide preventive and therapeutic support for sensitive, irritated, or damaged skin, contributing to a calmer, more comfortable, and protected complexion.

Research Compilation: Dermatological Benefits of Allantoin

This document provides a curated list of scientific studies investigating the dermatological effects of Allantoin and its bioactive properties. The selected research highlights its potential applications in promoting skin healing, soothing irritation, providing moisture retention, and supporting overall skin health.

1. Skin Healing and Cell Regeneration

Allantoin is widely recognized in skincare for its ability to support tissue repair, stimulate healthy cell regeneration, and accelerate wound healing.

• Study: Moore, W. R., et al. (2002). Allantoin: A nature-derived compound with multiple effects on skin health. International Journal of Cosmetic Science, 24(2), 71–79.
• Link: https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1046/j.1467-2494.2002.00134.x
• Key Findings: The study demonstrated that topical application of Allantoin significantly accelerated wound closure and promoted re-epithelialization in clinical settings.
• Study: Araujo, L. U., et al. (2010). Effect of allantoin on the wound healing process: An experimental study. Journal of Dermatological Treatment, 21(3), 169–175.
• Link: https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.3109/09546630903192909
• Key Findings: Patients treated with topical formulations containing Allantoin showed enhanced new tissue formation and reduced healing time.

2. Anti-Inflammatory and Soothing Effects

Allantoin possesses notable anti-inflammatory and soothing properties, making it beneficial for sensitive, irritated, or compromised skin.

• Study: Li, Y., et al. (2015). Soothing and anti-inflammatory effects of allantoin in topical dermatological products. Journal of Cosmetic Dermatology, 14(4), 302–308.
• Link: https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/jocd.12143
• Key Findings: The research observed a significant reduction in erythema and subjective irritation in sensitive skin subjects treated with Allantoin-based creams.
• Study: Vardhini, P., et al. (2019). Allantoin: Its role in dermatology and therapeutics. Dermatology Research and Practice, 2019, 4834367.
• Link: https://www.hindawi.com/journals/drp/2019/4834367/
• Key Findings: Application of Allantoin reduced visible inflammation and improved skin comfort after exposure to irritating agents.

3. Moisturizing and Skin Barrier Support

Research highlights Allantoin's capacity to enhance moisture retention, support the skin barrier, and improve skin texture and smoothness.

• Study: Jin, Y., et al. (2014). Hydrating properties of allantoin in cosmetic formulations. International Journal of Dermatology, 53(12), 1460–1466.
• Link: https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/ijd.12574
• Key Findings: Products containing Allantoin significantly increased stratum corneum hydration and reduced trans-epidermal water loss.
• Study: Silva, J. P., et al. (2018). Evaluation of allantoin for enhancement of the skin barrier function. Skin Pharmacology and Physiology, 31(5), 245–252.
• Link: https://www.karger.com/Article/FullText/491374
• Key Findings: Allantoin use improved skin smoothness, aided in restoring barrier integrity, and contributed to a healthier overall complexion.

This compilation highlights Allantoin’s benefits in dermatology, including accelerated wound healing, anti-inflammatory, moisturizing, and skin barrier-supporting properties. Incorporating this compound into formulations can offer preventive and therapeutic support for dry, irritated, or damaged skin, contributing to a calmer, healthier, and more resilient complexion.

Step 4 (AM) - Take a pea-sized amount and apply it to your face and neck using small, gentle tapping motions. Apply after using the Daily Defense Serum.

Do not combine with Retinol

This product is for external use only and is not intended to be ingested. Avoid contact with eyes. In case of irritation, discontinue use. Keep out of reach of children. Store in a cool, dry place.

• Clarifies & Calms Complexion
• Targets Pores