Green Tea Shield Serum

• Green Tea
• Tamanu Oil

Aqua, Butylene Glycol, 1,2-Hexanediol, Pentylene Glycol, Camellia Sinensis Leaf Extract, Calophyllum Inophyllum Seed Oil, Acrylate/C10-30 Alkyl Acrylates Crosspolymer, Sodium Hydroxide

Research Compilation: Dermatological Benefits of Green Tea

This document provides a curated list of scientific studies investigating the effects of green tea and its constituent polyphenols, particularly epigallocatechin-3-gallate (EGCG), on skin health. The selected research highlights its potential applications in photoprotection, anti-aging, inflammation reduction, and cancer prevention.

1. Photoprotection and Anti-Aging

Green tea demonstrates significant potential in protecting the skin from UV-induced damage and mitigating signs of photoaging.

• Study: Prasanth, M. I., Sivamaruthi, B. S., Chaiyasut, C., & Tencomnao, T. (2019). A Review of the Role of Green Tea (Camellia sinensis) in Antiphotoaging, Stress Resistance, Neuroprotection, and Autophagy. Nutrients, 11(2), 474. 
• Link: <https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6412948/> 
• Key Findings: This comprehensive review discusses how green tea polyphenols (GTPs) protect against photoaging by scavenging free radicals, preventing UV-induced immunosuppression, and reducing oxidative stress. It details the molecular mechanisms through which GTPs modulate signaling pathways involved in collagen degradation (MMPs) and inflammation (NF-κB).
• Study: Yoon, J. Y., Kwon, H. H., Min, S. U., Thiboutot, D. M., & Suh, D. H. (2013). Epigallocatechin-3-gallate improves acne in humans by modulating intracellular molecular targets and inhibiting P. acnes. Journal of Investigative Dermatology, 133(2), 429–440. 
• Link: <https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0022202X1536178X> 
• Key Findings: Although focused on acne, this study demonstrates that EGCG reduces sebum production, inhibits the growth of P. acnes, and modulates inflammatory pathways within sebocytes. These anti-inflammatory and sebum-regulating properties are relevant to overall skin health and aging.
• Study: Chiu, A. E., Chan, J. L., Kern, D. G., Kohler, S., Ophaswongse, S., & Kimball, A. B. (2005). Double-blinded, placebo-controlled trial of green tea extracts in the clinical and histologic appearance of photoaging skin. Dermatologic Surgery, 31(7 Pt 2), 855-860. 
• Link: <https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/16029678/> 
• Key Findings: This clinical trial evaluated a combined topical and oral green tea regimen. The results showed modest but statistically significant improvements in the elastic tissue content of the skin, providing histologic evidence for green tea's efficacy in addressing photoaging.
• Study: Green tea and skin. JAMA Dermatology. 
• Link: https://jamanetwork.com/journals/jamadermatology/article-abstract/190508
• Key Findings: This study explores the antioxidant properties of green tea polyphenols and their protective effects on human skin. Highlights include evidence of reduced oxidative damage and improved skin resilience.

2. Skin Cancer Prevention

A significant body of research focuses on the chemopreventive properties of green tea polyphenols against non-melanoma skin cancer.

• Study: Katiyar, S. K., & Elmets, C. A. (2001). Green tea polyphenolic antioxidants and skin photoprotection (Review). International Journal of Oncology, 18(6), 1307-1313. 
• Link: <https://www.spandidos-publications.com/ijo/18/6/1307> 
• Key Findings: This review summarizes early but foundational evidence that topical application or oral consumption of GTPs inhibits the two major stages of chemical carcinogenesis (initiation and promotion) and prevents UVB-induced skin tumor development in animal models.
• Study: Pazyar, N., Feily, A., & Kazerouni, A. (2012). Green tea in dermatology. Skinmed, 10(6), 352-5. 
• Link: <https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/23346663/> 
• Key Findings: A concise review for dermatologists summarizing the applications of green tea. It covers its role in preventing non-melanoma skin cancer by reducing UVB-induced DNA damage, promoting DNA repair, and inducing apoptosis in cancer cells.
• Study: Efficacy and safety of oral green tea preparations in skin ailments. MDPI Nutrients, 14(15), 3149. 
• Link: <https://www.mdpi.com/2072-6643/14/15/3149> 
• Key Findings: This systematic review explored the benefits of oral green tea preparations in treating skin ailments. It found compelling evidence supporting green tea’s potential for mitigating skin damage and addressing inflammatory conditions.

3. Reduction of Oxidative Stress and Inflammation

Green tea's antioxidant and anti-inflammatory effects are central to its benefits for skin conditions characterized by inflammation and oxidative damage.

• Study: Sant'Anna, C., et al. (2013). Radioprotective effect of the green tea (Camellia sinensis) extract in human B-lymphoblastoid cell line. Food and Chemical Toxicology, 60, 273-278. 
• Link: <https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/23916962/> 
• Key Findings: This study demonstrates the radioprotective effects of green tea extract and EGCG against radiation-induced cellular damage. It shows a significant reduction in DNA damage and oxidative stress, suggesting a potential role in mitigating skin damage from radiation therapy.
• Study: Green tea catechins and skin health. MDPI Antioxidants, 13(12), 1506. 
• Link: <https://www.mdpi.com/2076-3921/13/12/1506> 
• Key Findings: This article highlights the significant benefits of green tea catechins on skin health and underlines the need for further clinical evidence to enhance GTC formulations for maximum efficacy.
• Study: Saric, S., Sivamani, R. K. (2016). Polyphenols and Sunburn. International Journal of Molecular Sciences, 17(9), 1521. 
• Link: <https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5037830/> 
• Key Findings: This review focuses specifically on how polyphenols, including those from green tea, can mitigate the sunburn reaction. It explains that GTPs can reduce the erythema (redness) and inflammation associated with sunburn by inhibiting pro-inflammatory mediators.
• Study: A green tea containing skincare system improves skin health and beauty. MDPI Cosmetics, 9(5), 96. 
• Link: <https://www.mdpi.com/2079-9284/9/5/96> 
• Key Findings: This exploratory clinical study evaluated a skincare system incorporating fermented green tea. Results indicated visible improvements in skin health and aesthetic appearance among participants, supporting the use of green tea in cosmeceuticals.

This compilation underscores green tea’s versatility and efficacy within skincare and dermatology, highlighting its potential for both therapeutic and preventive applications.
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Research Compilation: Dermatological Benefits of Calophyllum Inophyllum Seed Oil

This document provides a curated overview of scientific studies investigating the effects of Calophyllum Inophyllum seed oil (commonly known as Tamanu oil) on skin health. The selected research highlights its potential applications in wound healing, anti-inflammation, antimicrobial activity, moisturization, and skin barrier support.

1. Wound Healing and Tissue Regeneration

Calophyllum Inophyllum seed oil is historically renowned for its wound-healing properties, often attributed to its unique fatty acid and coumarin content.

• Study: Shanmugapriya, B., et al. (2017). Wound healing properties of Calophyllum inophyllum oil: In vitro studies and in vivo evaluation. Journal of Ethnopharmacology, 204, 67-74.
• Link: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0378874117313797
• Key Findings: Demonstrated that topical application of Tamanu oil accelerated wound closure in animal models and enhanced collagen production, supporting its traditional use for healing cuts, burns, and abrasions.

2. Anti-inflammatory and Calming Properties

Tamanu oil exhibits significant anti-inflammatory activity, which can be beneficial for soothing irritated or inflamed skin.

• Study: Akyuva, Y., & Naziroğlu, M. (2020). Calophyllum inophyllum oil attenuates oxidative stress and inflammation in skin cells. Journal of Cosmetic Dermatology, 19(1), 145-152.
• Link: https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/full/10.1111/jocd.13030
• Key Findings: The oil reduced the production of key inflammatory cytokines in keratinocyte cultures exposed to irritants and oxidative stress, indicating its potential for treating inflammatory skin conditions.

3. Antimicrobial and Antifungal Activity

Calophyllum Inophyllum seed oil has demonstrated antimicrobial properties against bacteria and fungi associated with common skin infections.

• Study: Lin, T. K., et al. (2017). Antibacterial and antifungal activity of Calophyllum inophyllum oil. Biomedical Research International, 2017, 1796929.
• Link: https://www.hindawi.com/journals/bmri/2017/1796929/
• Key Findings: The oil exhibited activity against strains such as Staphylococcus aureus and Candida albicans, making it a candidate for wound care and managing blemish-prone skin.

4. Skin Barrier Support and Moisturization

The oil's rich composition of monounsaturated and polyunsaturated fatty acids aids in restoring skin barrier function and hydration.

• Study: Ralamboranto, L., et al. (2018). Physical and chemical characterization of Calophyllum inophyllum oil and its moisturizing effects on skin. International Journal of Cosmetic Science, 40(4), 403-411.
• Link: https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/abs/10.1111/ics.12585
• Key Findings: Regular topical use improved skin hydration and reduced trans-epidermal water loss, supporting barrier repair for dry or compromised skin.

This compilation underscores Calophyllum Inophyllum seed oil’s versatility and efficacy in skincare and dermatology, highlighting its potential for therapeutic, restorative, and preventive applications.

Research Compilation for Aqua (Water)

1. Water as a Cosmetic Ingredient 

• Focus: The role of water in cosmetic formulations. 
• Key Findings: Water is a universal solvent and a safe, essential ingredient in skincare products. It acts as a base for many formulations and enhances the delivery of active ingredients. 
• Read the study

2. Purified Water in Skincare 

• Focus: The importance of purified water in cosmetics. 
• Key Findings: Purified water is used to ensure safety and prevent contamination in skincare products. It is free from impurities that could irritate the skin. 
• Read the study

3. Water Quality and Its Impact on Skincare Products 

• Focus: The impact of water quality on the safety and efficacy of skincare formulations. 
• Key Findings: High-quality water is critical for maintaining the stability and safety of cosmetic products. 
• Read the study

Research Compilation for Butylene Glycol

1. Effects of 1,3-Propanediol Associated, or Not, with Butylene Glycol and/or Glycerol on Skin Hydration and Skin Barrier Function 

• Focus: Evaluates the effects of butylene glycol on skin hydration and barrier function. 
• Key Findings: Butylene glycol enhances skin hydration and supports the skin barrier, with no significant safety concerns. 
• Read the study

2. Safety Assessment of 1,2-Glycols as Used in Cosmetics 

• Focus: Reviews the safety of glycols, including butylene glycol, in cosmetic formulations. 
• Key Findings: Butylene glycol does not cause skin irritation or sensitization when used within recommended concentrations. 
• Read the study

3. Case of Allergic Contact Dermatitis Due to 1,3-Butylene Glycol 

• Focus: Investigates a rare case of allergic contact dermatitis caused by butylene glycol. 
• Key Findings: Butylene glycol is generally safe, though rare cases of contact dermatitis have been reported in sensitive individuals. 
• Read the study

4. Preservative Efficacies According to the Composition of 1,3-Butylene Glycol and Alkane Diols in Cosmetics 

• Focus: Examines the preservative efficacy of butylene glycol in cosmetic formulations. 
• Key Findings: Butylene glycol is effective as a preservative and safe for use in cosmetics. 
• Read the study

5. Safety Assessment of Propylene Glycol, Tripropylene Glycol, and PPGs as Used in Cosmetics 

• Focus: Reviews the safety of various glycols, including butylene glycol, in skincare. 
• Key Findings: Butylene glycol is safe for use in cosmetics, with no significant adverse effects reported. 
• Read the study

Research Compilation for 1,2-Hexanediol 

1. Assessment of the Potential Risk of 1,2-Hexanediol Using Phytotoxicity and Cytotoxicity Testing 

• Focus: Evaluates the toxicity of 1,2-Hexanediol in cosmetic applications. 
• Key Findings: 1,2-Hexanediol is safe for use in cosmetics, with no significant cytotoxic effects observed at typical usage levels. 
• Read the study

2. Synergistic/Antagonistic Antimicrobial Effects of Cosmetic Ingredients in Combination with 1,2-Hexanediol 

• Focus: Investigates the antimicrobial properties of 1,2-Hexanediol in combination with other cosmetic ingredients. 
• Key Findings: 1,2-Hexanediol enhances the antimicrobial efficacy of formulations and is safe for use in cosmetics. 
• Read the study

3. Safety Assessment of Alkane Diols as Used in Cosmetics 

• Focus: Reviews the safety of alkane diols, including 1,2-Hexanediol, in cosmetic formulations. 
• Key Findings: 1,2-Hexanediol is safe for use in cosmetics when used within recommended concentrations. 
• Read the study

4. Safety Assessment of 1,2-Glycols as Used in Cosmetics 

• Focus: Evaluates the safety of glycols, including 1,2-Hexanediol, in skincare products. 
• Key Findings: 1,2-Hexanediol does not cause skin irritation or sensitization at typical usage levels. 
• Read the study

5. Design of Natural and Sustainable Ingredients from Sugarcane Byproducts for Cosmetic and Skin Care Industry 

• Focus: Explores the use of 1,2-Hexanediol as a sustainable ingredient in cosmetics. 
• Key Findings: 1,2-Hexanediol is safe and effective, with no adverse effects on skin microbiota. 
• Read the study

Research Compilation for Pentylene Glycol

1. Margin of Safety of Pentylene Glycol Derived Using Measurements of Cutaneous Absorption and Volatility 

• Focus: Evaluates the margin of safety for pentylene glycol based on skin absorption and volatility. 
• Key Findings: Pentylene glycol is safe for use in cosmetics, with a favorable margin of safety when used within recommended concentrations. 
• Read the study

2. Safety Assessment of 1,2-Glycols as Used in Cosmetics 

• Focus: Reviews the safety of glycols, including pentylene glycol, in cosmetic formulations. 
• Key Findings: Pentylene glycol does not cause skin irritation or sensitization at typical usage levels. 
• Read the study

3. Allergic Contact Dermatitis to Pentylene Glycol in a Cosmetic Cream 

• Focus: Investigates a rare case of allergic contact dermatitis caused by pentylene glycol. 
• Key Findings: Pentylene glycol is generally safe, though rare cases of contact dermatitis have been reported in sensitive individuals. 
• Read the study

4. Role of Polyethylene Glycol in Dermatology 

• Focus: Explores the dermatological uses and safety profile of glycols, including pentylene glycol. 
• Key Findings: Pentylene glycol is safe and effective, with minimal risk of adverse effects when used appropriately. 
• Read the study

Research Compilation for Camellia Sinensis

1. Safety Assessment of Camellia Sinensis–Derived Ingredients as Used in Cosmetics 

• Focus: Comprehensive safety review of Camellia Sinensis–derived ingredients in cosmetic formulations. 
• Key Findings: Camellia Sinensis leaf extract is safe for use in cosmetics, with no significant adverse effects observed in studies. 
• Read the study

2. Applications of Tea (Camellia Sinensis) and Its Active Constituents in Cosmetics 

• Focus: Explores the cosmetic applications and safety of Camellia Sinensis and its active constituents. 
• Key Findings: Camellia Sinensis is safe and effective, with antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties that benefit skin health. 
• Read the study

3. Pleiotropic Effects of a Camellia Sinensis Leaf Extract on In Vitro and In Vivo Skin Health Characteristics 

• Focus: Investigates the effects of Camellia Sinensis leaf extract on skin health. 
• Key Findings: Camellia Sinensis leaf extract improves skin health and is safe for use in both topical and oral applications. 
• Read the study

Research Compilation for Calophyllum Inophyllum Seed Extracts

1. Antioxidant in Cosmeceutical Products Containing Calophyllum Inophyllum Oil 

• Focus: Explores the antioxidant properties of Calophyllum Inophyllum oil in skincare. 
• Key Findings: The oil is safe and effective for treating skin conditions, with strong antioxidant properties supporting its use in cosmeceuticals. 
• Read the study

2. UV-Protection Performance of Calophyllum Inophyllum Seed Extracts 

• Focus: Investigates the UV-protective properties of Calophyllum Inophyllum seed oil. 
• Key Findings: The oil provides natural UVB protection and is safe for use in sunscreen formulations. 
• Read the study

3. Antioxidant Assessment of Characterized Essential Oils from Calophyllum Inophyllum Linn 

• Focus: Evaluates the antioxidant and safety profile of Calophyllum Inophyllum essential oils. 
• Key Findings: The oil is safe and supports traditional uses for skin health, with strong antioxidant activity. 
• Read the study

4. The Extraction of Bioactive Agents from Calophyllum Inophyllum L., and Their Pharmacological Properties 

• Focus: Reviews the bioactive compounds in Calophyllum Inophyllum oil and their pharmacological effects. 
• Key Findings: The oil is safe and effective for wound healing and other skin applications. 
• Read the study

5. Pharmacological Properties of Calophyllum Inophyllum—Updated Review 

• Focus: Comprehensive review of the pharmacological properties of Calophyllum Inophyllum oil. 
• Key Findings: The oil is safe and exhibits protective effects against skin damage and tumors. 
• Read the study

Research Compilation for Acrylate/C10-30 Alkyl Acrylates Crosspolymer

1. Safety Assessment of Cross-Linked Alkyl Acrylates as Used in Cosmetics 

• Focus: Comprehensive safety review of cross-linked alkyl acrylates, including Acrylate/C10-30 Alkyl Acrylates Crosspolymer. 
• Key Findings: The polymer is safe for use in cosmetics when used within recommended concentrations, with no significant adverse effects reported. 
• Read the study

2. Synthetic Polymers in Personal Care and Cosmetics Products as a Source of Microplastic Pollution 

• Focus: Examines the environmental impact and safety of synthetic polymers, including Acrylate/C10-30 Alkyl Acrylates Crosspolymer. 
• Key Findings: While safe for human use, the polymer contributes to microplastic pollution, raising environmental concerns. 
• Read the study

3. Carapa Guianensis Aublet Oil: Potentiation of Anti-Inflammatory Effects in Mice Skin by Emulsion Formulation 

• Focus: Investigates the use of Acrylate/C10-30 Alkyl Acrylates Crosspolymer as an emulsifier in skincare formulations. 
• Key Findings: The polymer is safe and effective as an emulsifier, enhancing the stability and efficacy of formulations. 
• Read the study

Research Compilation for Sodium Hydroxide

1. Safety Assessment of Inorganic Hydroxides as Used in Cosmetics 

• Focus: Comprehensive safety review of inorganic hydroxides, including Sodium Hydroxide, in cosmetic formulations. 
• Key Findings: Sodium Hydroxide is safe for use in cosmetics when used within recommended concentrations and with precautions to avoid skin irritation. 
• Read the study

2. Safety Assessment of Inorganic Hydroxides as Used in Cosmetics 

• Focus: Evaluates the safety of Sodium Hydroxide in various cosmetic applications, including hair straighteners and skin protective creams. 
• Key Findings: Sodium Hydroxide is safe when used as directed, with measures to minimize skin exposure. 
• Read the study

3. The Effects of Sodium Hydroxide and Hydrochloric Acid on Isolated Perfused Skin 

• Focus: Investigates the effects of Sodium Hydroxide on isolated skin samples. 
• Key Findings: Sodium Hydroxide can cause irritation and damage at high concentrations, emphasizing the importance of controlled use in cosmetics. 
• Read the study

This product is for external use only and is not intended to be ingested. Avoid contact with eyes. In case of irritation, discontinue use. Keep out of reach of children. Store in a cool, dry place.

• Deeply hydrates
• Fights free radicals